abstract：:Recent monitoring data indicate that portions of Italy's Venice Lagoon ecosystem have been degraded due to biological and chemical pollution from a variety of potential sources. Using polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) data collected from sediment, fish and shellfish in the Lagoon, a scree...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Wenning R,Dodge D,Peck B,Shearer K,Luksemburg W,Della Sala S,Scazzola R

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluates the reliability of serum measurements of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and toxicity equivalence (TEQ) in individuals with no prior exposure to TCDD or dioxin-like compounds above background levels. Reliability was measured over three time-periods in the same individuals. TCDD and TEQ ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Shadel BN,Evans RG,Roberts DW

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Total homologue concentrations and select congener concentrations from amongst the mono- to tri-chlorinated dibenzodioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs) are used to model both Total (mono- to octa-) CDD + CDF emissions and the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of the 2,3,7,8-chlorine-substituted emissions. Analysis of emiss...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Gullett BK,Wikström E

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Literature search of the knowledge on the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environmental compartments air, water, soil and sediment was done in purpose to find properties of POPs of interest for modeling. One degradation process, hydrolysis (chemical degradation), was omitted as negligibly slow f...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Sinkkonen S,Paasivirta J

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acute and chronic toxicity of nine antibiotics used both therapeutically and as growth promoters in intensive farming was investigated on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. The effect of the antibiotics metronidazole (M), olaquindox (OL), oxolinic acid (OA), oxytetracycline (OTC), streptomycin (ST), sulfadia...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Wollenberger L,Halling-Sørensen B,Kusk KO

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to validate a multi-trial biomarker approach for the evaluation of toxicological risk due to benzo(alpha)pyrene. Carcinus aestuarii, exposed to increasing concentrations of B(alpha)P in the water, was used as the bioindicator organism. A set of biomarkers were tested in order to: identify bio...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Fossi MC,Casini S,Savelli C,Corbelli C,Franchi E,Mattei N,Sanchez-Hernandez JC,Corsi I,Bamber S,Depledge MH

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reproducibility of collection of atmospheric residues of the herbicides 2,4-D and triallate as bulk (wet plus dry) deposition samples by paired pan samplers and as particulate (filter) and vapour (PUF/XAD-2 resin cartridge) samples by paired high-volume air samplers was determined. Variability of herbicide concent...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Cessna AJ,Waite DT,Kerr LA,Grover R

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An investigation into the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted for a period of two years in the surface waters of Northern Greece. Samples from four rivers and five lakes were taken seasonally and analyzed for VOCs. The analysis has been performed by purge-and-trap (PAT) gas chromatographic-ma...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Kostopoulou MN,Golfinopoulos SK,Nikolaou AD,Xilourgidis NK,Lekkas TD

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PCDD/PCDF were determined in solid samples from wood combustion. The samples included grate ashes, bottom ashes, furnace ashes as well as fly and cyclone ashes. The solid waste samples were classified into bottom and fly ash from native wood and bottom and fly ash from waste wood. For each of the four classes concentr...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Wunderli S,Zennegg M,Dolezal IS,Gujer E,Moser U,Wolfensberger M,Hasler P,Noger D,Studer C,Karlaganis G

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyrethrins are widely used insecticides in both agriculture and households. In many commercial formulations piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is used with pyrethrins. PBO is a well-known synergist of pyrethrins, used to intensify their effects. One of the cellular targets of pyrethrins is the sodium channel in the membrane. In...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Kakko I,Toimela T,Tähti H

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This work reports the semiconductor-assisted photochemical degradation of reactive dyes. In an oxygenated-UV-ZnO system almost total decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Remazol Black B, Reactive Blue 221 and Reactive Blue 222 was observed in reaction times of about 60 min. Extending the photochemical treatment...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Gouvêa CA,Wypych F,Moraes SG,Durán N,Nagata N,Peralta-Zamora P

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction phenomena during the biodegradation of typical coal tar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their heterocyclic analogues (N, S, O) were investigated in an artificially contaminated AhA1-horizon/compost mixture. All compounds were partly or completely biodegraded. Degradation of two- to five-ring PAHs ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Meyer S,Steinhart H

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'Modified Sturm Test' uses carbon dioxide production as the primary end point in assessing the biodegradation potential of organic chemicals. This test was conducted by a commercial laboratory to assess the potential biodegradability of an oil stabilizer sample from an oil company in Canada. There was a high perce...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Srinivasan PT,Viraraghavan T

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty different organic micropollutants (for example C1-C8 homologous alcohols and some phenols) in aqueous solution were subjected to vacuum-UV-oxidation (H2O-VUV) within a xenon-excimer flow-through photoreactor. The incoherent xenon-excimer lamp used exhibited an emission maximum at 172 nm. At this wavelength wate...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Oppenländer T,Gliese S

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human health risk of dioxins was evaluated for four Japanese receptor groups: the general population, local residents living near a municipal solid waste incinerator, heavy fish consumers, and their infants and fetuses. In describing the risk for these groups, four endpoints, namely, cancer, reproductive dysfuncti...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Yoshida K,Ikeda S,Nakanishi J

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimentally, decomposition of NO on the alkalized Pd/Al2O3 catalyst is remarkably enhanced at 825-1000 K. The enhancement in N2 yield may be due to the additional basic sites on the alkalized catalyst that can trap NO molecules. However, at T > 1000 K, due to the fact that the absorbed oxygen in subsurface or bulk ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Huang YJ,Wang HP,Yeh CT,Tai CC,Peng CY

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Technetium-99 was determined in samples from the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl reactor. Concentrations of 99Tc in soil samples taken from three forest sites ranged from 1.1 to 14.1 Bq kg-1 dry weight for the organic soil layers, and from 0.13 to 0.83 Bq kg-1 dry weight for the mineral soil layers. In particular, for...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Uchida S,Tagami K,Rühm W,Wirth E

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The photodegradation and biodegradability have been investigated for four non-biodegradable commercial azo dyes, Reactive YellowKD-3G, Reactive Red 15, Reactive Red 24, Cationic Blue X-GRL, an indicator. Methyl Orange, and one industrial wool textile wastewater, using TiO2 suspensions irradiated with a medium pressure...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Hu C,Wang Y

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, a general kinetic model for degradation processes of surfactants is proposed. The model equation is v = K2S2 + K1S + K0, where v is the substrate consumption rate in the biodegradation process, S is the surfactant concentration in the medium and K2, K1, and K0 are kinetic constants. From this general ex...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Quiroga JM,Perales JA,Romero LI,Sales D

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Batch kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out to determine the adsorptive characteristics of peat and bentonite mixtures for pentachlorophenol, and to examine the hydraulic conductivity of peat-bentonite mixtures to determine if they are applicable for use as cutoff barriers. Batch kinetic studies showed that ov...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Viraraghavan T,Slough K

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aquatic fate and persistence of synthetic pyrethroids under spray drift and field runoff treatment regimens were determined in outdoor pond microcosms. In this paper, the experimental design and construction of outdoor microcosms is presented, as well as the aquatic fate of tralomethrin and deltamethrin. Tralometh...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Erstfeld KM

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific issues in health risk assessment of EDCs and correlated international activities thereof are discussed. Risk characterization is a synthesis of all information including hazard assessment, dose-response relationship, and exposure information to identify clearly the strengths and weaknesses of the database, th...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Younes M

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Degradation of 14C-DDT was studied in a marine ecosystem for 60 days and in marine sediments under moist and flooded conditions using a continuous flow system for a period of 130 days. 14C-DDT residues were recovered in sediments of the marine ecosystem at uniform level of 60-65% of the applied 14C-activity throughout...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Kale SP,Murthy NB,Raghu K,Sherkhane PD,Carvalho FP

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A sequential digest was used to examine the speciation of particulate-associated heavy metal pollutants in a holistic approach to the study of the movement of sediment within the urban environment. Sediments were classified according to whether they mainly acted as sources, were mostly transported, or had become depos...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Charlesworth SM,Lees JA

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPM) is a global contaminant of unknown origin that is structurally related to the endocrine modulating pesticides 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and Dicofol. Therefore, the potential reproductive toxic effects of TCPM were investigated in sexually mature male Spragu...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Foster WG,Desaulniers D,Leingartner K,Wade MG,Poon R,Chu I

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methods were developed for preparing liquid/liquid and glass wool column saturators for generating chemical stock solutions for conducting aquatic bioassays. Exposures have been conducted using several species of fish, invertebrate, and mollusks in static and flow-through conditions using these methods. Stock solution...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Kahl MD,Russom CL,DeFoe DL,Hammermeister DE

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigation on the degradability of tetrachloroethene was performed using fresh and mechanically-biologically pretreated household waste. The corresponding metabolites were determined and the experimental conditions were characterized by the concentrations of methane, organic acids, sulfate and nitrate as well as by...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Schön T,Seebacher W,Kreuzig R,Bahadir M

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity to methanogenic gas production of different alkyl chain length homologs of quaternary ammonium based surfactants were examinated. Two series of these cationic surfactants were selected: alkyl trimethyl ammonium and alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium compounds. A simple anaerobic...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： García MT,Campos E,Sanchez-Leal J,Ribosa I

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Feasibility of three different extraction methods for the simultaneous determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in butter is discussed. The method based on liquid-liquid extraction with water of the non fatty solids from butt...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Ramos L,Eljarrat E,Hernández LM,Rivera J,González MJ

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate the use of probabilistic neural networks (PNN) to model the acute toxicity (96-hr LC50) to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) based on a 865 chemicals data set. In contrast to most other toxicological models, the octanol/water partition coefficient is not used as input parameter. The information f...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Kaiser KL,Niculescu SP

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaluation of adsorption performance of several industrially manufactured pectins towards some toxic heavy metals was carried out. Adsorption isotherms for divalent cations in simulant aqueous solutions were measured and corresponding distribution coefficients were calculated. The following selectivity sequences we fo...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Kartel MT,Kupchik LA,Veisov BK

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Concentrations of mercury in biological samples collected for environmental studies are often less than 0.1 microgram/g. Low mercury concentrations and small organ sizes in many wildlife species (approximately 0.1 g) increase the difficulty of mercury determination at environmentally relevant concentrations. We have d...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Adair BM,Cobb GP

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four bioreactor designs were performed to evaluate the level of incorporation of 14C-labeled 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and metabolites into the organic soil matrix of different anaerobically treated contaminated soils. The contaminated soils were amended with molasses slivers (80:20% per weight) as auxiliary substra...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Drzyzga O,Bruns-Nagel D,Gorontzy T,Blotevogel KH,von Löw E

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlorides derived from plastics and food residue content in MSW will affect the formation and partitioning of metal chlorides in the incineration discharges. Our study investigated the effects of waste-derived chlorides on the partitioning of heavy metals in a single-metal combustion system. The results indicate that ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Wang KS,Chiang KY,Lin SM,Tsai CC,Sun CJ

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The end products of atmospheric degradation are not only CO2 and H2O but also sulfate and nitrate depending on the chemical composition of the substances which are subject to degradation processes. Atmospheric degradation has thus a direct influence on the radiative balance of the earth not only due to formation of gr...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Slanina J,ten Brink HM,Khlystov A

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the mineralization of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in sterile and non-sterile soil with or without added bacteria (Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1). The soil used had no history of PCP contamination. Microcosms (30 g dry weight of soil) were incubated with labelled PCP (6.76% 13C, a non-radioactive stable ...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Combrisson J,Monrozier LJ

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes a methodological approach for the assessment of the amount of surrogate dry deposition of several toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) associated with atmospheric particulate matter at ground level. The objectives of the study were twofold: i) the evaluation of several techniques for the...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Morselli L,Cecchini M,Grandi E,Iannuccilli A,Barilli L,Olivieri P

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of organically bound halogens in precipitation was studied by first adsorbing organics on activated carbon and then analysing the chloride, bromide and iodide formed during combustion of the carbon. A standard instrument for the group parameter AOX (adsorbable organic halogens) was used for the combustion...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Laniewski AK,Dahlen J,Boren H,Grimvall A

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this communication we report on a genetically engineered bacterium that reacts by light emission to the presence of 4-chlorobenzoic acid. To construct this strain, DNA fragment (1.7 kb) upstream from the 4-chlorobenzoic acid dehalogenase (fcb) operon of Arthrobacter SU was fused to Vibriofischeri luxCDABE genes. An...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Rozen Y,Nejidat A,Gartemann KH,Belkin H

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Congener specific 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs were determined in skin biopsies taken from sea lions (Otaria flavescens) living in two areas of the South-western Atlantic on the coast of Argentina (Mar del Plata and Punta Bermeja). This is the first report on PCDDs and PCDFs in sea lion skin biopsies from the s...

journal_title：Chemosphere

authors： Jimènez B,Gonzàlez MJ,Hernández LM,Eljarrat E,Rivera J,Fossi MC

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00